The findings of this study show that maternal mortality remains a problem in Nigeria and reveal its levels and determinants in the North and South. WHO. From the foregoing, it is obvious that Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, second only to India whose population is eight times larger than that of Nigeria. Those who were rich were coded as 1. Religion was grouped as “Catholics”, “other Christians”, “Islam” and “Traditionalist/other”. The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Nigeria was 560 per 100,000 live births in 2013. 2010;375:1609–23. The national maternal mortality ratio has remained elevated despite efforts to reduce maternal deaths. It is possible that some deceased siblings had different characteristics compared to those ascribed to them which may lead to the misclassification of their own attributes. 2012;43:255–72. In African communities especially the sub-Saharan region, the rate is quite high. In fact, Africa has the highest maternal mortality rate in the world and Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest rate in the region. Hence, nulliparous women (women with zero births) were excluded. Merdad L, Hill K, Graham W. Improving the measurement of maternal mortality: the sisterhood method revisited. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. The risk of maternal death was found to be greatest for teenage mothers and women close to the end of their childbearing years [4]. In the South, hemorrhage and illegal abortions were the leading causes of maternal death [4]. Predictors of maternal mortality in institutional deliveries in Nigeria. BioMed Central. Nigeria maternal mortality rate for 2016 was 925.00, a 0.64% decline from 2015. Maternal deaths in the camps were due primarily to excessive bleeding [38]. 2015;15:1–10. Wall LL. Previous findings in the northern state of Kebbi show that after community education on emergency health services, their use did not increase even though awareness about them improved [36]. The outcome variable for this study was maternal death. 2016;163:10–20. Age at death (NDHS 2008 and 2013) and parity (NDHS 2013) were recorded for the deceased women. 2012;12:430. Since their effects were adequately captured with community wealth and age, the latter were used as their proxies. This was on the assumption that deceased siblings share similar characteristics as the respondents. Lancet. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 19, 417 (2019). 2005;5:131. Emory Law J. And in 2015, mortality ratio for Nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. This finding is consistent with other studies. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Meanwhile, highly educated women tend to use and demand maternal health services [50]. Google Scholar. The middle class, compared to the poor, had higher odds of maternal death. PLoS One. The high maternal mortality rate has been linked to flawed government policies, education, culture, religion, education, culture, religion and lack of access to skilled health workers and necessary drugs. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada, Catherine Meh, Amardeep Thind, Bridget Ryan & Amanda Terry, Department of Family Medicine, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada, Amardeep Thind, Bridget Ryan & Amanda Terry, Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada, You can also search for this author in Their choice of facilities may be less expensive but lacking in terms of service quality. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, Volume 1(4), ISSN: 2456-6470 www.ijtsrd.com. Rai RK, Singh PK, Singh L. Utilization of maternal health care services among married adolescent women: insights from the Nigeria demographic and health survey, 2008. Community wealth influences availability and access to maternal health services. For community wealth, individuals whose wealth index was poor, or middle were coded as 0. Demogr Res. The principal inhabitants of the state are the Hausa/Fulani people. Lanre-Abass BA. As of 2015, the maternal mortality rate in Nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. Three percent of the sample consisted of maternal mortality cases of which, 751 and 810 maternal deaths were reported in 2008 and 2013 respectively. The national maternal mortality ratio has remained elevated despite efforts to reduce maternal deaths. 2013;17:118–29. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Cited 28 June 2017. Number of births: 63,178 Death rate: 58.1 per 100,000 births How the state handles it: Louisiana has had a maternal mortality review program since … Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, with the country accounting for about 20 per cent of global maternal deaths. Our findings show an extremely high maternal mortality ratio of 1,012 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (95% CI: 898–1,126) in Jigawa State, Northern Nigeria. Ronsmans C, Graham WJ. Rich women had 20% lower odds of maternal death compared to those who were poor. Type of residence was dichotomized as urban or rural. For the South, the levels slightly decreased. In the South-West, MMR was 166 maternal death per 100,000 livebirths compared to 1549 maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths in the North-East [11, 15]. Users of folk/traditional contraceptive methods had a 48% increase in their odds of maternal mortality (reference: no method). Int J Gynecol Obstet. Having a secondary or higher education reduced the odds of maternal death by 23% (reference: no education). PubMed Google Scholar. United States Agency for International Development. This rate of maternal mortality in Nigeria is highest in northwest geopolitical zone which comprised Sokoto state. Differences in the levels and determinants of maternal mortality between the North and South of Nigeria stress the need for efforts to cut maternal deaths through new strategies that are relevant for each region. Using DHS data to examine maternal mortality has its limitations. PubMed  The Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey of 1999 revealed some variation in the levels of maternal mortality between zones in the North and South. Adamu YM, Salihu HM, Sathiakumar N, Alexander GR. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and came to be a nation through the unification of two separate British northern and southern protectorates consisting of six geo-political zones: in the North, North West, North Central, North East; and in the South, South East, South-South and South West. The meeting was organised to discuss the implementation of the […] Maternal Mortality Ratio in the North, South, and Nigeria Overall - 2008 & 2013. Community level risk factors for maternal mortality in Madagascar. In Bangladesh, induced abortions were more common among educated women [41] although the risk of mortality was low for them compared to uneducated women, this may not be the case in the South of Nigeria, where abortion is restricted, and most of its services are illicit and unsafe. A modified conceptual framework based on the work of McCarthy and Maine was used to analyze the determinants of maternal mortality in the North and South of Nigeria. Correspondence to Stud Fam Plan. According to the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) reports for 2008 and 2013, Nigeria achieved practically no reduction in MMR. Users of folk/traditional methods of contraception had 75% high odds of maternal death compared to nonusers. Additionally, women can be empowered in order to improve their status and access to quality health care. Survey adjusted simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of the independent variables and maternal mortality in the North and South of Nigeria using pooled data for the North (2008 and 2013) and South (2008 and 2013). Similarly, studies show that factors such as age [14], education, antenatal care, parity [13], domestic violence and social autonomy [16] (which have been established as determinants of maternal mortality) are associated with this outcome in Nigeria. PLoS One. Difficulty accessing healthcare services was assessed with the variable “distance to health facility”. Afr J Reprod Health. Confl Heal. The North has historically had varied barriers (cultural, financial, physical and boycotts) that prevent the utilization of services that could improve maternal and other health outcomes in the region [56]. Article  2012;22:407–14. Hence, the government needs to call all stakeholders to recommit to the fight against child marriages and clearly delineate their roles. Respondents’ stated ethnicities were categorized into major ethnic groups of each region (North and South). This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Maternal survival 1: maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. 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